Biography Of Kurt Cobain
After signing with major label DGC Records, the band found breakthrough success with "Smells Like Teen Spirit" from the second album Nevermind (1991). Following the success of Nevermind, Nirvana was given label "flagship band" dariGenerasi X, and Cobain hailed as "the spokesman of a generation". Cobain, however, are often uncomfortable and frustrated, believing the message and artistic vision to have been misinterpreted by the public, with his personal issues often subject to media attention. He challenged Nirvana's audience with the final studio album In Utero (1993).
During the last years of his life, Cobain struggled with heroin addiction, illness and depression. He also had difficulty overcoming his fame and public image, and professional and personal pressures surrounding himself and his lifelong wife, musisiCourtney Love. On April 8, 1994, Cobain was found dead at his home diSeattle, the victim of what was officially ruled a suicide by self-inflicted shotgun wound to the head. Circumstances of his death at age 27 has become a topic of public fascination and debate. Since their debut, Nirvana, with Cobain as a songwriter, has sold over 25 million albums in the United States, and over 50 million worldwide.
Early life
Kurt Donald Cobain was born on February 20, 1967 at Grays Harbor Hospital in Aberdeen, Washington, to a waitress, Wendy Elizabeth (née Fradenburg) (born 1948), and the automotive mechanic, Donald Leland Cobain (born 1946). His parents married on July 31, 1965 in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Ancestors including Ireland, England, Scotland, danJerman. Cobain's Irish ancestors migrated from County Tyrone of Northern Ireland in 1875. Researchers have found them to be shoemakers, originally named Cobane, who came from the village of Inishatieve near Pomeroy, settling in Cornwall, Ontario, Canada, and then in Washington. Cobain had one younger sister named Kimberly, born on 24 April 1970.
Cobain's family had a musical background. Maternal uncle Chuck Fradenburg starred in a band called The Beachcombers, Aunt Mari Earle played guitar and performed in bands throughout Grays Harbor County, and great-uncle Delbert had a career as an Irish tenor, made an appearance in the 1930 movie King of Jazz. Cobain was described as being happy and excited, while sensitive and caring child. His talent as an artist was evident from an early age. His bedroom was described as having taken on the appearance of an art studio, where he would accurately draw favorite characters from films and cartoons such as Aquaman, the Creature from the Black Lagoon, and Disney characters like Donald Duck, Mickey Mouse and Pluto. This enthusiasm was encouraged by his grandmother Iris Cobain, who was a professional artist sendiri.Cobain began developing an interest in music early in his life. According to Aunt Mari, he began singing at two years. At age four, Cobain started playing the piano and singing, writing a song about their trip to a local park. He listened to artists like the Ramones and would sing songs like Arlo Guthrie's "Motorcycle Song," The Beatles '"Hey Jude", Terry Jacks' "Seasons in the Sun" and the theme song to The Monkees television show at a young age .
When Cobain was seven years old, his parents divorced. Later in his life, he said the divorce had a profound effect on his life. His mother noted that his personality changed dramatically, Cobain became challenging and withdrawn. In a 1993 interview, he elaborated:
"I remember feeling ashamed, for some reason I embarrassed my parents .. I could not face some of my friends at school anymore, because I really wanted to have the classic, you know, typical family. Mom, Dad. I want security, so I hated my parents for a few years because it ".
Cobain's parents both found new partners after the divorce. His father had promised not to marry again. However, after meeting Jenny Westeby, he, disappointed, Kurt, his father, Westeby, and her two children Mindy and James, moved into a new home together. Cobain liked Westeby at first, the mother who gave him the attention he wanted. In January 1979, gave birth Westeby boy, Chad Cobain. This new family, which Cobain insisted was not the actual one, in contrast to the attention Cobain was used to receiving as an only child, and he soon began to express resentment toward his stepmother. Kurt's mother began dating a man who is abusive. Cobain witnessed the domestic violence happened to him, with one incident resulting in hospital with a broken arm. Her Wendy steadfastly refused to press charges, remaining completely committed to the relationship.
Kurt insolent behavior toward adults. He began to bully other children at school. This behavior eventually led his father and Westeby to take him to a therapist, who concluded that Kurt would benefit in a single family neighborhood. Both sides of the family trying to bring his parents back together, but to no avail. On June 28, 1979, Cobain's mother granted full custody of Kurt to his father.
Cobain's teenage rebellion quickly became big for his father, who placed Kurt in the care of family and friends. While living with the born-again Christian family of his friend Jesse Reed, Cobain became a devout Christian church services and regularly attended. Cobain later abandoned Christianity, engaging in what would be described as "anti-God" rants. The song "Lithium" is about his experiences living with the Reed family. Religion would remain an important part in Cobain's personal life and beliefs, as he often used Christian imagery in his work and maintained a constant interest in Jainism and Buddhist philosophy. The band name Nirvana was taken from the Buddhist concept, which Cobain described as "freedom from pain, suffering and the external world," which is aligned with the punk rock ethic and ideology. Cobain would regard himself as both a Buddhist and a Jain during different points of his life, educating himself about the philosophies through various sources, including through watching late night television documentaries on both subjects.
Although not interested in sports, Kurt enrolled at a junior high school wrestling team at the insistence of his father. Kurt was a skilled wrestler, but hated the experience. Because he suffered taunts from his teammates and coach, he allowed himself to be pinned, in an attempt to sadden his father. Later, his father asked him in minor league baseball team, where Cobain would intentionally strike out to avoid playing on the team.
Cobain befriended a homosexual student at school, and suffered bullying from heterosexual students who concluded that Cobain was gay. In an interview he said that he liked having the identity of being gay because he did not like people and when they thought he was gay they left him alone. Kurt stated, "I started being really proud of the fact that I was gay even though I was not". His friend tried to kiss him and Kurt backed up and told his friend he was not gay but would still be friends with him. In a 1993 interview denganThe Advocate, Cobain claimed that he was "gay in spirit" and "probably could be bisexual." He also stated that he used to spray paint "God Is Gay" on pickup trucks in the Aberdeen area. Aberdeen police records show that Cobain was arrested for spray painting the phrase "Do not have a how watchamacallit" on another vehicle. One of his personal journals states, "I am not gay, although I wish I had, just to piss off homophobes."
Cobain enjoyed creating works of art. He would often draw during school classes, including objects associated with human anatomy. When given a caricature assignment for an art course, Cobain attractive posing Michael Jackson. When the art teacher told her caricature would be inappropriate to display in the school hallway, Cobain drew an unflattering sketch of then-President Ronald Reagan.
As evidenced by the variety of Cobain's classmates and family members, the first concert attended was Sammy Hagar danQuarterflash Seattle Center Coliseum in 1983. However, Cobain claimed that the first concert he attended adalahMelvins, he wrote in his Journal of childbearing experience. As a teenager living in Montesano, Cobain eventually found escape through the growing Pacific Northwest punk scene, going to punk rock shows in Seattle.Cobain soon began frequenting the practice space of fellow Montesano musicians the Melvins.
During his second year in high school, Cobain began living with his mother in Aberdeen. Two weeks prior to graduation, he dropped out of Aberdeen High dariSekolah after realizing he did not have enough credits to graduate. His mother gave him a choice: find employment or leave. After one week, Cobain found the clothes and other belongings packed in boxes. Feel expelled from his own mother's home, Cobain stayed with friends, occasionally sneaking back into his mother's basement. Cobain also claimed during periods of homelessness have been living under a bridge over the Wishkah River, an experience that inspired the Nevermind track "Something in the Way". However, Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic said, "He hung out there, but you can not live on muddy banks, with the tide come in and go down That revisionism itself .."
In late 1986 Cobain moved into an apartment, paying the rent by working at a Polynesian coastal resort approximately 20 miles (32 km) north of Aberdeen. During this period, he often traveled to Olympia, Washington to go to rock concerts. During his visits to Olympia, Cobain formed a relationship with Tracy Marander. The couple had a close relationship, but one that was often strained with financial difficulties and Cobain's absence when touring. Marander supported spouse by working in the cafeteria of the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, often stealing food. Cobain spent most his time sleeping into the late evening, watching television and concentrating on art projects. Marander insistence that he get a job caused arguments that affect Cobain wrote "On Girl", which was featured on the Nirvana album Bleach. Marander credited with having taken the cover photo album. Marander not aware that "About the Girl" was written about her until years after Cobain's death.
Soon after Marander apart from him, Cobain began dating Tobi Vail, an influential DIY punk zinester of riot grrrl band Bikini Kill. After meeting Vail, Cobain vomited as he was so completely overwhelmed with anxiety about the madness with him. This event would inspire the lyric: "Love you so much it makes me sick," which will appear in the "song Aneurysm". While Cobain would regard Vail as his female partner, her relationship with her mother berkurang.Cobain desired comfort of a traditional relationship, which Vail regarded as sexist in countercultural punk rock community. Those who dated Vail would be described by her friend Alice Wheeler as "fashion accessories." Kurt and Tobi spent most of their time together as a couple discussing political issues and philosophical. Cobain's relationship with Vail would inspire the lyrical content of many of the songs on Nevermind. Once, while discussing anarchism and punk rock with friend Kathleen Hanna, Hanna spray-painted "Kurt Smells Like Teen Spirit" on Kurt's apartment wall. Teen Spirit was the name of a deodorant Vail wore, Hanna joked that Cobain smelled like it. Cobain, unaware of this, initially interpreted as meaningful revolutionary slogan. The slogan inspired the title to the song "Smells Like Teen Spirit".
Musical influences
The Beatles were early and lasting influence on Cobain, her aunt Mari remembers him singing "Hey Jude" at the age of two. "My aunt would give me a recording of The Beatles," Cobain says Jon Savage in 1993, "so for the most part [I heard] The Beatles [as a child], and if I'm lucky, I'll be able to buy one." Cobain stated preference particular for John Lennon, whom he called his "idol" in his posthumously released journals, and he admitted that he wrote the song "On Girl," from Nirvana's debut album Bleach in 1989, after spending three hours listening to Meet The Beatles! .
Cobain was also a fan of classic rock bands, including Led Zeppelin, AC / DC, Black Sabbath, Aerosmith, Queen, and Kiss. Nirvana occasionally played cover songs by these bands, including "Led Zeppelin's Immigrant Song", "Dazed and Confused" and "Heartbreaker", "Black Sabbath Hand of Doom," and Kiss' "Do You Love Me?", And write Incesticide song "Aero Zeppelin" as a tribute to Led Zeppelin and Aerosmith.
Punk rock proved to be a major influence on Cobain's teenage attitude and artistic style. The first punk rock album Sandinista! by The Clash, but he became a big fan of a punk band in the 1970s with fellow UK Sex Pistols, describing them as "one million times more important than the Clash" in his journals. He was introduced to the 1980 American hardcore bands like Black Flag, Bad Brains, Millions of Dead Police and Flipper by Buzz Osbourne, lead singer and guitarist of fellow Melvinsdan Aberdeen, Washington native. The Melvins themselves were an important early musical influences Cobain, with their heavy, grungy sound mimicked by Nirvana in a lot of songs from Bleach.
Cobain was also a fan of protopunk acts like the Stooges, whose 1973 album Raw Power he listed as his favorite of all time in his journal, and The Velvet Underground, whose 1968 song "Here She Comes Now" closed the band both live and in the studio.
In the 1980s American alternative rock band Pixies play a role in helping an adult Cobain develop his own style of songs. In a 1992 interview with Melody Maker, Cobain said that hearing their 1988 debut album, Surfer Rosa, "convinced him to abandon his more Black Flag-influenced songs in favor of the Iggy Pop song / Aerosmith-types that appear on Nevermind. During an interview in 1993 with Rolling Stone, he said that "Smells Like Teen Spirit" was his attempt at "trying to rip off the Pixies. I have to admit it. When I heard the Pixies for the first time, I connected with that band so heavily that I should have been in that band-or at least a cover band Pixies. We use the sense of dynamics, being soft and quiet and then loud and hard. "
Cobain's appreciation of early alternative rock bands also extended to Sonic Youth and REM, both of which are members of Nirvana befriended and looked up to for advice. It was under recommendation from Sonic Youth's Kim Gordon that Nirvana signed to DGC in 1990, and both bands did a two week tour of Europe in the summer of 1991, as documented in, 1992 documentary 1991: The Year Punk Broke. In 1993, Cobain said of REM: "If I could write just a couple of songs as good as what they've written ... I do not know how that band does what they are doing God, they are the largest they '.. has dealt with success they are like saints, and they continue to deliver great music ".
After attaining mainstream success, Cobain became staunch champion of lesser known indie bands, covering songs olehVaselines, Meat Puppets, Wipers and Fang onstage and / or in the studio, wearing Daniel Johnston T-shirts during photo shoots, having K Records logo tattooed on his arm , and signed bands like Butthole Surfers, Shonen Knife, Chokebore and Half Japanese along for the In Utero tour in late 1993 and early 1994. Cobain even invited his favorite musicians to perform with him: ex-Germs guitarist Pat Smear joined the band in 1993, and the Meat Puppets appeared onstage during Nirvana's 1993 MTV Unplugged appearance to perform three songs from their second album, Meat Puppets II.
Nirvana's Unplugged set also includes interpretation of "The Man Who Sold the World," by British rock musician David Bowie, and the American folk song, "Where Did you sleep Last Night," which was adapted by the American folk musician, Lead Belly. Cobain introduced recently by calling Lead Belly his favorite performer, and in interviews in 1993 revealed he had been introduced to him from reading the American author, William S. Burroughs. "I remember [Burroughs] saying in an interview," These kids are the new rock'n'roll should just throw away their guitars and listen to something with real soul, like Leadbelly, '"Cobain said." I've never heard about Leadbelly before so I bought a couple of records, and now he turns out to be my absolute favorite of all time in the music I actually liked it more than rock'n'roll I ever heard .. "
Nirvana's acoustic Unplugged set, which was released posthumously as an album in 1994, may have given a little Cobain's future musical direction. The record has drawn comparisons to REM 1992 release, Automatic for the People, and in 1993, Cobain himself predicted that the next Nirvana album would be "very delicate, acoustic, like REM's last album."
"Yeah, he talked a lot about what direction he was heading," Cobain's friend, REM frontman Michael Stipe said Newsweek in 1994. "I mean, I know what the next Nirvana recording will sound like it would be very quiet and acoustic, with lots of stringed instruments .. It will be an amazing fucking record, and I was a bit angry at him for killing himself. He and I will record test from the album, a demo tape of it all set up .. He had a plane ticket. he had a car to pick him up., and at the last minute he called and said, 'I can not come. "Stipe was chosen as the godfather Cobain and Courtney Love's daughter's, Frances Bean Cobain ".
Relationships and Family
Courtney Love
Cobain was already aware of Love through her role in the 1987 film Straight to Hell. According to journalist Everett True, the pair were formally introduced at L7 and Butthole Surfers concert in Los Angeles in May 1991. In the weeks that followed, after learning from Dave Grohl that Cobain shared mutual interests with her, Love began pursuing Cobain. In late 1991 the two are often together and bonded through drug use. Around the time of Nirvana's 1992 performance on Saturday Night Live, Love discovered that she was pregnant with Cobain's child. On February 24, 1992, a few days after the conclusion of Nirvana's Pacific Rim tour, Cobain and Love were married on Waikiki Beach in Hawaii. Love the satin and lace dress once owned by actress Frances Farmer, and Cobain wore green pajamas, because he had been "too lazy to put on a tux". In an interview with The Guardian, Love revealed the opposition to their marriage from various people: "Kim Gordon [of Sonic Youth] sits me down and said, 'If you marry him your life is not going to happen, it will destroy your life. "But I said, 'Whatever! I love him, and I want to be with him!' ... It was not his fault. He did not try to do that. "Frances Bean Cobain
In a 1992 article in Vanity Fair, Love admitted to using heroin, not knowing that she was pregnant. Love claimed bahwaVanity Fair had misquoted her, but the event created a media controversy for the couple. While Cobain and Love romance has always been a media appeal, they found themselves hounded by tabloid reporters after the article was published, many want to know if Frances drug addiction at birth. The Los Angeles County Department of Children's Services took the Cobains to court, claiming that the use of drugs to make their partner unfit parent. Two-week-old Frances was ordered by the judge to be taken from their custody and placed with Courtney's sister Jamie for several weeks, after which the couple obtained custody in an exchange agreement to submit urine tests and regular visits from a social worker. After months of legal wrangling, the couple were eventually granted full custody of their daughter.
death
After a tour stop at Terminal Eins in Munich, Germany, on March 1, 1994, Cobain was diagnosed with bronchitis and beratlaringitis. He flew to Rome the next day for medical treatment, and was joined there by his wife, Courtney Love, on March 3, 1994. The next morning, Love awoke to find that Cobain had overdosed on a combination of champagne and Rohypnol. Cobain was immediately rushed to the hospital, and spent the rest of the day unconscious. After five days in the hospital, Cobain was released and returned to Seattle. Love later stated that the incident was Cobain's first suicide attempt.
On March 18, 1994, Love phoned Seattle police told them that Cobain was suicidal and locks himself in a room with a gun. Police arrived and confiscated several guns and a bottle of pills from Cobain, who insisted that he was not suicidal and locks himself in his room to hide from Love. When questioned by police, Love said that Cobain had never mentioned that he was suicidal and that she had not seen him with a gun.Love arranged intervention regarding Cobain's drug use on March 25, 1994. Ten people involved included musician friends, record company executives, and one of Cobain's closest friends, Dylan Carlson. The intervention was initially unsuccessful, with scorn angry Cobain insulting and stacking the participants and eventually locking himself in the upstairs bedroom. However, at the end of the day, Cobain had agreed to undergo a detox program. Cobain arrived at the Exodus Recovery Center in Los Angeles, California on March 30, 1994. The staff at the facility do not know the history of Cobain's depression and previous suicide attempts. When visited by friends, there was no indication to them that Cobain was in any negative or suicidal state of mind. He spent the day talking to counselors about drug abuse and personal problems, happily playing with his daughter Frances. These interactions were the last time Cobain saw her daughter. The following night, Cobain walked out to have a cigarette, and climbed over the fence six-feet-tall to leave the facility (which he had joked earlier in the day would be a stupid feat to attempt). He took a taxi to Los Angeles Airport and flew back to Seattle. On the flight, he sat next to Duff McKagan of Guns N 'Roses. Despite Cobain's personal animosity towards Guns N 'Roses and khususnyaAxl Rose, Cobain "seemed happy" to see McKagan. McKagan later stated he knew from "all of my instincts that something was wrong." On April 2 and April December 3, 1994, Cobain was seen at various locations around Seattle, although most of his close friends and family were not aware of its existence. He was not seen on April 4, 1994. On April 3, 1994, Love contacted a private investigator, Tom Grant, and hired him to find Cobain. On 7 April 1994, amid rumors of Nirvana breaking up, the band withdrew from the year's Lollapalooza music festival.
On April 8, 1994, Cobain's body was found at his home on Lake Washington home by an electrician who had arrived to install a security system. Apart from a small amount of blood coming out of Cobain's ear, the reported power saw visible signs of trauma, and initially believed that Cobain was asleep until he saw the gun pointed to his chin. Records found, addressed to Cobain's imaginary friends kids "Boddah", which states that Cobain did not "feel the excitement of listening to as well as creating music, along with really writing ... too many years now". A high concentration of heroin and traces of diazepam were also found in his body. Cobain's body had been lying there for days, the coroner's report estimated Cobain to have died on April 5, 1994.
A common reflection was held for Cobain on April 10, 1994, at a park in Seattle Center drawing approximately seven thousand mourners. recorded messages by Krist Novoselic and Courtney Love were played at the memorial. Love read portions of Cobain's suicide note to the crowd, crying and punish Cobain. Towards the end of the vigil, Love arrived at the park and distributed some of Cobain's clothing to those who still remained. Dave Grohl would say that the news of Cobain's death was "probably the worst thing that happened to me in my life. I remember the day after that I woke up and I was heartbroken that he was gone, I just feel like, 'Okay, so I could wake up today this and have another day and he does not. '. "He also believed that he knew Cobain would die at an early age, saying that" sometimes you just can not save someone from themselves, "and" in some ways, You kind of prepare yourself emotionally for that to be true. " Dave Reed, who for a short time was Cobain's foster father, said that "he had desperation, not the courage, to be himself. Once you do that, you can not go wrong, because you can not make mistakes when people love you for being yourself But for Kurt, it does not matter that other people loved him,. he simply did not love himself enough. "
Final ceremony arranged for Cobain by his mother on May 31, 1999, attended by both Courtney Love and Tracy Marander.Sebagai a Buddhist monk chanted, his daughter Frances Bean scattered his ashes into McLane Creek in Olympia, the city where he "had found true artistic muse. '
Cobain's artistic endeavors and struggles with heroin addiction, illness and depression, as well as the circumstances of his death have become a topic often drag, debate, and controversy around the world. He is a member of the famous Club 27
Legacy
Cobain has been remembered as one of the most iconic rock musicians in the history of alternative music. He was ranked by Rolling Stone as the 73rd greatest guitarist and 45th greatest singer of all time, and by MTV as 7th in the "22 Greatest Voices in Music". In 2006, he was placed at number twenty by Hit Parader on their list of the "100 Greatest Metal Singers of All Time". Reflecting on Cobain's death over ten years later, MSNBC's Eric Olsen wrote, "In the intervening decade, Cobain, a small, frail but handsome man in life, has become an abstract Generation X icon, viewed by many as the 'last real rock star' a messiah and martyr whose every utterance has been plundered and parsed ".
In 2005, a sign was put up in Aberdeen, Washington, that read "Welcome to Aberdeen - Come As You Are" as a tribute to Cobain.Tanda paid for and created by the Kurt Cobain Memorial Committee, a non-profit organization created in May 2004 to honor Cobain. The Committee planned to create a Kurt Cobain Memorial Park and a youth center in Aberdeen. Because Cobain was cremated and his remains scattered into the Wishkah River in Washington, many Nirvana fans visit Viretta Park, near Cobain's former Lake Washington home, to pay tribute. On the anniversary of his death, fans gather in the park to celebrate his life and memory.
In 2006, Cobain took the place of Elvis Presley as the top-earning deceased celebrity, after the sale of the Nirvana song catalog. Presley reclaimed the spot in 2007.
Controversy erupted in July 2009 when a monument to Cobain in Aberdeen along the Wishkah River included the quote "... Drugs are bad for you, they'll fuck you .." The city ultimately decided to sandblast the monument to replace the expletive with "f ---", but fans immediately pull back your inbox. Monument and bridge have become popular places for fans to leave tributes.
Gus Van Sant loosely based his 2005 movie Last Days on the events in the final days of Cobain's life. In January 2007, Courtney Love began to shop the biography heavier From Heaven to various movie studios in Hollywood to turn the book into an A-list film about Cobain and Nirvana. Video game Guitar Hero 5 features Cobain as a playable character. However, the inclusion of Cobain's life angry bandmates Krist Novoselic and Dave Grohl and wife Courtney Love, expressing their disappointment in the ability to use Cobain with any song, including those sung by female vocalists.
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