Biography Of Bob Marley

Robert Nesta Marley OM (February 6, 1945 - May 11, 1981), more widely, and commonly known as Bob Marley, is a singer-songwriter and musician Jamaika.He is the rhythm guitarist and lead singer for the ska, rocksteady and reggae band Bob Marley & The Wailers (1963-1981). Marley remains the most widely known performer and respected reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement to a worldwide audience.


Marley's music is strongly influenced by the social issues of his homeland, and he is considered to have given voice to the political and cultural nexus of Jamaica specific. His best-known hits include "I Shot the Sheriff", "No Woman, Cry", "Could You Be Loved", "Stir It Up", "Get Up Stand Up", "Jamming", "Redemption Song", "One Love "and," Three Little Birds ", as well as the posthumous releases" Buffalo Soldier "and" Iron Lion Zion ". The compilation album Legend (1984), released three years after his death, is reggae's best-selling album, going ten times Platinum which is also known as one of the diamonds in the United States, and sold 25 million copies worldwide.

Early life and career
Bob Marley was born in the village of Nine Mile in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica as Nesta Robert Marley. A Jamaican passport official would later swap the first and middle names. He is mixed race. His father, Norval Sinclair Marley, was a mixture of white Anglo-Jamaican English and Syrian-Jewish descent, whose family came from Sussex, England. Norval claimed to have been a captain in the Royal Marines, and a plantation overseer, when he married Cedella Booker, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old. Norval provided financial support for his wife and child, but seldom saw them, as he was often away on trips. In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at age 70. Marley faced questions about racial identity throughout his life. He once reflected:

I do not have prejudice against meself. My father was a white and my mother was black. They call me half-caste or whatever. I do not pound anyone deh side. I do not deh-pound black man's side nor the white man's side. Me deh-pound side of God, the one who create me and cause me to come from black and white.

Although Marley recognized his mixed ancestry, throughout his life and because of his belief, he identifies himself as a black African, following the ideas of Pan-Afrikapemimpin. Marley stated that the two biggest influences were the African-centered Marcus Garvey and Haile Selassie. A central theme in Bob Marley's message was repatriasiorang black people to Zion, which in his view was Ethiopia, or more generally, Africa. In songs such as "Survival", "Babylon System", and "Blackman Redemption", Marley sings about the struggles of blacks and Africa against oppression from the West or "Babylon".

Marley met Neville Livingston (later changed to Bunny Wailer) in Nine Mile because Bob's mother had a daughter with Bunny's father, sister and two of them also had a relationship with him. Marley and Livingston started playing music when he was still in school. Then Marley Nine Miles left when he was 12 with his mother to the town Trench, Kingston. While in Trench Town, he met with Livingston again and they began to make music with Joe Higgs, a local singer and devout Rastafari. At a jam session with Higgs and Livingston, Marley met Peter McIntosh (later known as Peter Tosh), who had similar musical ambitions. In 1962, Marley recorded his first two singles, "Judge Not" and "One Cup of Coffee", with local music producer Leslie Kong. These songs, released on the Beverley label under the pseudonym of Bobby Martell, attracting little attention. The songs were later re-released on the box set Songs of Freedom, a posthumous collection of Marley's work. Marley is also known to use Epiphone guitars for most of his career.

Personal life

Religion

Bob Marley was a member of Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. Bob Marley became a passionate advocate of Rastafari, taking their music out of the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and to the international music scene. He once gave the following response, which was typical, to a question put to him during a recorded interview:

• Interviewer: "Can you tell the people what it means being a Rastafarian?"

• Bob: "I would say to the people, Be still, and know that His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is the Almighty Now, the Bible seh so, Babylon newspaper seh so, and I and I the children seh so .. Yunno ? so I do not see how many people we would like to express Wha 'dem want?. white God, well God come black. really true. "

Jelly of the Rastafari practice Ital, a diet that shuns meat, Marley was a vegetarian. According to his biographers, he affiliated with the Twelve Tribes Mansion. He was in the denomination known as "Tribe of Joseph", because he was born in February (each of the twelve sects are composed of members born in a different month). He indicated this in the album liner notes, quoting the portion from Genesis includes blessing of Jacob to his son Joseph. Marley was baptized olehUskup General of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Kingston, Jamaica, on 4 November 1980.

Family

Bob Marley had a number of three children with his wife Rita, two adopted from Rita's previous relationships, and several others with different women. Bob Marley official website recognizes eleven children.

They are listed on the official site are:

1. Sharon, born 23 November 1964, Rita's daughter from a previous relationship but was later adopted by her marriage with Rita Marley

2. Cedella born August 23, 1967, Rita

3. David "Ziggy", born October 17, 1968, to Rita

4. Stephen, born 20 April 1972, to Rita

5. Robert "Robbie", born May 16, 1972, to Pat Williams

6. Rohan, born May 19, 1972, to Janet Hunt

7. Karen, born 1973 to Janet Bowen

8. Stephanie, born August 17, 1974, according to Cedella Booker she was the daughter of Rita and a man called Ital with whom Rita had an affair, but he acknowledged as Bob's daughter

9. Julian, born June 4, 1975, to Lucy Pounder

10. Ky-Mani, born February 26, 1976, to Anita Belnavis

11. Damian, born July 21, 1978, to Cindy Breakspeare

       Makeda was born on May 30, 1981, to Yvette Crichton, after Marley's death. Meredith Dixon book lists her as Marley's child, but she is not listed as such on the Bob Marley official website.

       Various websites, for example, also list Imani Carole, born May 22, 1963 Cheryl Murray, but he does not appear on the official Bob Marley website.

Final years and death
In July 1977, Marley was found to have a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of one of his toes. Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match in that year, but it is not a symptom of the already existing cancer. Marley refused doctor's advice to have his toe amputated, citing his religious beliefs. Despite his illness, he continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a world tour in 1980.Tujuannya was for Inner Circle to be an opening act on the tour but after their lead singer Jacob Miller died in Jamaica in March 1980 after returning from a scouting mission in Brazil this was not again mentioned.

Album Uprising was released in May 1980 (produced by Chris Blackwell), on which "Redemption Song" is mainly considered to be about Marley coming to terms with the death-Nya.The band completed a major European tour, where they played their biggest concert, to a hundred thousand people in Milan. After the tour Marley went to America, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden as part of the Uprising Tour.

Bob Marley's final concert career was held 23 September 1980 at the Stanley Theater (now the Benedum Center for the Performing Arts) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Concert audio recordings are now available on CD, vinyl, and digital music services.

Shortly after, Marley's health deteriorated and he became very ill, the cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was canceled and Marley sought treatment at the Bavarian clinic Josef Issels, where he received a controversial type of cancer therapy (Issels treatment) partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. After fighting the cancer without success for eight months, Marley boarded the plane for his home in Jamaica.

While flying home from Germany to Jamaica, Marley's vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to the hospital for immediate medical attention. He died at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami (now University of Miami Hospital) on the morning of May 11, 1981, at the age of 36. The spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain caused his death. His final words to his son Ziggy were "Money can not buy life". Marley received a state funeral in Jamaica on May 21, 1981, which combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafari tradition. He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his red Gibson Les Paul (some accounts say it was a Fender Stratocaster).

On 21 May 1981, Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral speech to Marley, declaring:

His voice was shouting everywhere in the world of electronics. His sharp features, majestic looks, and prancing lifestyle with etching on the landscape of our minds. Bob Marley was never seen. He is an experience that left an indelible imprint with each encounter. People like that can not be erased from the mind. He was part of the collective consciousness of the nation.

Legacy

Bob Marley was the Third World's first pop superstar. He was the man who introduced the world to the mystic power of reggae. He was a true rocker at heart, and as a songwriter, he brought the power of the lyrics of Bob Dylan, the personal charisma of John Lennon, and the essential vocal stylings of Smokey Robinsonmenjadi one vote.

- Jann Wenner, at Marley's 1994 posthumous introduction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

 In 1999 Time magazine chose Bob Marley & The Wailers' Exodus as the greatest album of the 20th century. In 2001, he was posthumously dianugerahiGrammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and a feature-length documentary about his life, Rebel Music, won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, The Wailers, and Marley's lovers and children, it also tells a lot of story in his own words. A statue was inaugurated, next to the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in Kingston to commemorate him. In 2006, the State of New York renamed part of the Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street diFlatbush of East Brooklyn "Bob Marley Boulevard". In 2008, the Marley statue unveiled in Banatski Sokolac, Serbia.

Internationally, Marley's message also continues to reverberate amongst various indigenous communities. Example, Australian Aborigines hold sacred fire burning to honor the memory of Sydney Victoria Park, while members of the Native American Hopi and Havasupaisuku respect his work. There are also a lot of Bob Marley tribute throughout India, including restaurants, hotels, and cultural festivals.

Marley has also evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandise through various media. In light of this, author Dave Thompson in his book Reggae and Caribbean Music, laments what he perceives to be the commercialized pacification of Marley's more militant edge, stating:

Bob Marley ranks among both the most popular and the most misunderstood figures in modern culture ... That machine has completely emasculated Marley is doubtful. Missing from the public record is the ghetto kid who dreamed of Che Guevara and the Black Panthers, and pinned their posters in the Wailers Soul Shack record store, who believe in liberty, and the battle that requires, and dress the part at the beginning of album sleeves, the hero is James Brown and Muhammad Ali, whose God was Ras Tafari and whose sacrament was marijuana. Instead, Bob Marley who surveys his kingdom today is smiling benevolence, the sun was shining, waving palm trees, and a series of hits that fell polite radio like candy from the machine fool. Certainly has assured nyakeabadian. But it has also demeaned him beyond recognition. Bob Marley was worth far more.